Large-Scale Phased Array Antenna Systems for Energy-Efficient Beam Steering from FR3 to THz Bands

High-speed wireless connectivity is a critical enabler for emerging applications in AI and high-performance computing, driving stringent demands on bandwidth, latency, and energy efficiency. In this talk, I will present innovative beamforming architectures and RF circuits that pave the way for programmable, broadband, and power-efficient front-ends spanning FR3 to mmWave and sub-THz frequencies. After outlining the challenges posed by large-scale phased arrays—including increasing propagation loss, device and interconnect limits at higher frequencies, routing congestion, and mutual coupling due to shrinking antenna spacing—I will introduce a new class of broadband programmable circuits that seamlessly cover the 6–20 GHz spectrum using a 400-MHz tunable moving filter. Building on these concepts, I will then describe a hybrid transmit array architecture for scalable D-band phased antenna arrays, highlighting how these advances collectively help unlock the full utility of next-generation wireless standards.